Recall the Taylor series for arctangent is:
arctanx=n=0∑∞(−1)n2n+1x2n+1
There are similarities between this and our given series: skipping powers of x, and a denominator that's not factorial. We'll try to manipulate it to look like our series. First, we antidifferentiate, to get a factor of (2n+2) on the bottom.
∫arctanxdxWe can find the antiderivative of arctangent using integration by parts. Let u=arctanx and dv=dx; then du=1+x21dx and v=x.∫arctanxdxNow, we use the substitution w=1+x2, dw=2xdx.So, n=0∑∞(−1)n(2n+1)(2n+2)x2n+2To find C, we evaluate both sides of the equation at x=0.0Therefore, n=0∑∞(−1)n(2n+1)(2n+2)x2n+2Multiplying both sides by x2,n=0∑∞(−1)n(2n+1)(2n+2)x2n+4=n=0∑∞(−1)n(2n+1)(2n+2)x2n+2+C=xarctanx−∫1+x2xdx+C=xarctanx−21log(1+x2)+C=xarctanx−21log(1+x2)+C=0arctan0−21log(1)+C=C=xarctanx−21log(1+x2)=x3arctanx−2x2log(1+x2)