문제 은행 · 기초 수학 · 공통수학1 · 다항식

다항식의 연산

먼저 혼자 풀어 보고, 풀이로 확인한 다음, 아래 「한 번 더」 문제로 이어서 연습하세요.

OpenStax Intermediate Algebra · 12.4절 · 6번우리말 번역

이항정리를 이용하여 (x−2)5{(x-2)}^{5} 을 전개하세요.

영어 원문 보기

Use the Binomial Theorem to expand (x−2)5.{(x-2)}^{5}.

정답·풀이 보기

식의 형태에서 a 와 b 를 찾는다.

이 그림은 x 빼기 2의 5제곱을 나타낸다.

이 식에서 a=xa=x 이고 b=−2b=-2 이다.

이항정리를 이용한다.

(a+b)n=(n0)an+(n1)an−1b1+(n2)an−2b2+...+(nr)an−rbr+...+(nn)bn{(a+b)}^{n}=\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right){a}^{n}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right){a}^{n-1}{b}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 2\end{array}\right){a}^{n-2}{b}^{2}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ r\end{array}\right){a}^{n-r}{b}^{r}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right){b}^{n}

a=x,a=x, b=−2,b=-2, n=5n=5 를 대입한다.

(x−2)5=(50)x5+(51)x5−1(−2)1+(52)x5−2(−2)2+(53)x5−3(−2)3+(54)x5−4(−2)4+(55)(−2)5{(x-2)}^{5}=\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 0\end{array}\right){x}^{5}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 1\end{array}\right){x}^{5-1}{(-2)}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 2\end{array}\right){x}^{5-2}{(-2)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 3\end{array}\right){x}^{5-3}{(-2)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 4\end{array}\right){x}^{5-4}{(-2)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 5\end{array}\right){(-2)}^{5}

지수를 간단히 하고 계수의 값을 구한다. (n1)=n,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right)=n, (nn)=1,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right)=1, (n0)=1\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right)=1 임을 기억하자.

(x−2)5=(50)x5+(51)x4(−2)+(52)x3(−2)2+(53)x2(−2)3+(54)x(−2)4+(55)(−2)5(x−2)5=1x5+5(−2)x4+5!2!⋅3!(−2)2x3+5!3!⋅2!(−2)3x2+5!4!⋅1!(−2)4x+1(−2)5(x−2)5=x5+5(−2)x4+10⋅4⋅x3+10(−8)x2+5⋅16⋅x+1(−32)(x−2)5=x5−10x4+40x3−80x2+80x−32\begin{array}{c} \\ \\ {(x-2)}^{5}=\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 0\end{array}\right){x}^{5}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 1\end{array}\right){x}^{4}{(-2)}^{}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 2\end{array}\right){x}^{3}{(-2)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 3\end{array}\right){x}^{2}{(-2)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 4\end{array}\right)x{(-2)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 5\end{array}\right){(-2)}^{5} \\ {(x-2)}^{5}=1{x}^{5}+5(-2){x}^{4}+\frac{5!}{2!\cdot 3!}{(-2)}^{2}{x}^{3}+\frac{5!}{3!\cdot 2!}{(-2)}^{3}{x}^{2}+\frac{5!}{4!\cdot 1!}{(-2)}^{4}x+1{(-2)}^{5} \\ {(x-2)}^{5}={x}^{5}+5(-2){x}^{4}+10\cdot 4\cdot {x}^{3}+10(-8){x}^{2}+5\cdot 16\cdot x+1(-32) \\ {(x-2)}^{5}={x}^{5}-10{x}^{4}+40{x}^{3}-80{x}^{2}+80x-32\end{array}

원본 교재 풀이(영어)

We identify the a and b of the pattern.

This figure shows x minus 2 to the power of 5.

In our pattern, a=xa=x and b=−2.b=-2.

We use the Binomial Theorem.

(a+b)n=(n0)an+(n1)an−1b1+(n2)an−2b2+...+(nr)an−rbr+...+(nn)bn{(a+b)}^{n}=\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right){a}^{n}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right){a}^{n-1}{b}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 2\end{array}\right){a}^{n-2}{b}^{2}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ r\end{array}\right){a}^{n-r}{b}^{r}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right){b}^{n}

Substitute in the values a=x,a=x, b=−2,b=-2, and n=5.n=5.

(x−2)5=(50)x5+(51)x5−1(−2)1+(52)x5−2(−2)2+(53)x5−3(−2)3+(54)x5−4(−2)4+(55)(−2)5{(x-2)}^{5}=\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 0\end{array}\right){x}^{5}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 1\end{array}\right){x}^{5-1}{(-2)}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 2\end{array}\right){x}^{5-2}{(-2)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 3\end{array}\right){x}^{5-3}{(-2)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 4\end{array}\right){x}^{5-4}{(-2)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 5\end{array}\right){(-2)}^{5}

Simplify the exponents and evaluate the coefficients. Remember,(n1)=n,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right)=n, (nn)=1,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right)=1, (n0)=1.\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right)=1.

(x−2)5=(50)x5+(51)x4(−2)+(52)x3(−2)2+(53)x2(−2)3+(54)x(−2)4+(55)(−2)5(x−2)5=1x5+5(−2)x4+5!2!⋅3!(−2)2x3+5!3!⋅2!(−2)3x2+5!4!⋅1!(−2)4x+1(−2)5(x−2)5=x5+5(−2)x4+10⋅4⋅x3+10(−8)x2+5⋅16⋅x+1(−32)(x−2)5=x5−10x4+40x3−80x2+80x−32\begin{array}{c} \\ \\ {(x-2)}^{5}=\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 0\end{array}\right){x}^{5}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 1\end{array}\right){x}^{4}{(-2)}^{}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 2\end{array}\right){x}^{3}{(-2)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 3\end{array}\right){x}^{2}{(-2)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 4\end{array}\right)x{(-2)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}5 \\ 5\end{array}\right){(-2)}^{5} \\ {(x-2)}^{5}=1{x}^{5}+5(-2){x}^{4}+\frac{5!}{2!\cdot 3!}{(-2)}^{2}{x}^{3}+\frac{5!}{3!\cdot 2!}{(-2)}^{3}{x}^{2}+\frac{5!}{4!\cdot 1!}{(-2)}^{4}x+1{(-2)}^{5} \\ {(x-2)}^{5}={x}^{5}+5(-2){x}^{4}+10\cdot 4\cdot {x}^{3}+10(-8){x}^{2}+5\cdot 16\cdot x+1(-32) \\ {(x-2)}^{5}={x}^{5}-10{x}^{4}+40{x}^{3}-80{x}^{2}+80x-32\end{array}

한 번 더 — 비슷한 문제OpenStax Intermediate Algebra · 12.4절 · 7번우리말 번역

이항정리를 이용하여 (2x−3y)4{(2x-3y)}^{4} 을 전개하세요.

다 풀었으면 정답 확인

패턴의 a 와 b 를 찾는다.

이 그림은 2x-3y 의 4제곱 꼴의 식에서, a 더하기 b의 n제곱 꼴의 a 와 b 를 어떻게 찾는지 보여 준다.

이 식에서 a=2xa=2x 이고 b=−3yb=-3y 이다.

이항정리를 이용한다.

(a+b)n=(n0)an+(n1)an−1b1+(n2)an−2b2+...+(nr)an−rbr+...+(nn)bn{(a+b)}^{n}=\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right){a}^{n}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right){a}^{n-1}{b}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 2\end{array}\right){a}^{n-2}{b}^{2}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ r\end{array}\right){a}^{n-r}{b}^{r}+...+\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right){b}^{n}

a=2x,a=2x, b=−3yb=-3y 그리고 n=4n=4 의 값을 대입한다.

(2x−3y)4=(40)(2x)4+(41)(2x)4−1(−3y)1+(42)(2x)4−2(−3y)2+(43)(2x)4−3(−3y)3+(44)(−3y)4{(2x-3y)}^{4}=\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 0\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 1\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{4-1}{(-3y)}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 2\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{4-2}{(-3y)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 3\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{4-3}{(-3y)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 4\end{array}\right){(-3y)}^{4}

지수를 간단히 한다.

(2x−3y)4=(40)(2x)4+(41)(2x)3(−3y)1+(42)(2x)2(−3y)2+(43)(2x)1(−3y)3+(44)(−3y)4{(2x-3y)}^{4}=\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 0\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{4}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 1\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{3}{(-3y)}^{1}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 2\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{2}{(-3y)}^{2}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 3\end{array}\right){(2x)}^{1}{(-3y)}^{3}+\left(\begin{array}{c}4 \\ 4\end{array}\right){(-3y)}^{4}

계수의 값을 구한다. (n1)=n, (nn)=1, (n0)=1\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 1\end{array}\right)=n,\,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ n\end{array}\right)=1,\,\left(\begin{array}{c}n \\ 0\end{array}\right)=1 임을 기억한다.

(2x−3y)4=1(2x)4+4(2x)3(−3y)1+4!2!(2)!(2x)2(−3y)2+4!3!(4−3)!(2x)1(−3y)3+1(−3y)4{(2x-3y)}^{4}=1{(2x)}^{4}+4{(2x)}^{3}{(-3y)}^{1}+\frac{4!}{2!(2)!}{(2x)}^{2}{(-3y)}^{2}+\frac{4!}{3!(4-3)!}{(2x)}^{1}{(-3y)}^{3}+1{(-3y)}^{4}

(2x−3y)4=16x4+4⋅8x3(−3y)+6(4x2)(9y2)+4(2x)(−27y3)+81y4{(2x-3y)}^{4}=16{x}^{4}+4\cdot 8{x}^{3}(-3y)+6(4{x}^{2})(9{y}^{2})+4(2x)(-27{y}^{3})+81{y}^{4}

(2x−3y)4=16x4−96x3y+216x2y2−216xy3+81y4{(2x-3y)}^{4}=16{x}^{4}-96{x}^{3}y+216{x}^{2}{y}^{2}-216x{y}^{3}+81{y}^{4}

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