극한의 성질과 계산

The statement $\displaystyle\lim_{x \rightarrow 3} \dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=10$ tells us that, as $x$ gets very close to 3, $f(x)$ is 10 times as large as $g(x)$. We notice that if $f(x)=10g(x)$, then $\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=10$, so $\displaystyle\lim_{x \rightarrow} \dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=10$ wherever $f$ and $g$ exist. So it's enough to find a function $g(x)$ that has limit 0 at 3. Such a function is (for example) $g(x)=x-3$. So, we take $f(x)=10(x-3)$ and $g(x)=x-3$. It is easy now to check that $\displaystyle\lim_{x \rightarrow 3}f(x)=\displaystyle\lim_{x \rightarrow 3}g(x)=0$ and $\displaystyle\lim_{x \rightarrow 3} \dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}=\displaystyle \lim_{x \to 3}\frac{10(x-3)}{x-3}=\displaystyle \lim_{x \to 3}10=10$.