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합성함수의 미분법

먼저 혼자 풀어 보고, 풀이로 확인한 다음, 아래 「한 번 더」 문제로 이어서 연습하세요.

CLP-1 · 2.9절 · 29번우리말 번역

f(x)=excos⁡3(5x−7)f(x)=\dfrac{e^{x}}{\cos^3 (5x-7)} 의 도함수를 구하세요.

영어 원문 보기

Compute the derivative of f(x)=excos⁡3(5x−7)f(x)=\dfrac{e^{x}}{\cos^3 (5x-7)}.

답 쓰고 채점
정답·풀이 보기

풀이를 두 가지 제시한다. 하나는 바로 몫의 미분법을 쓰는 풀이이고, 다른 하나는 먼저 간단히 한 뒤 곱의 미분법을 쓰는 풀이이다.

  • 풀이 1: 몫의 미분법으로 시작한다:

f′(x)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ddx{ex}−exddx{cos⁡3(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−exddx{cos⁡3(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)이제 합성함수의 미분법을 쓴다. cos⁡3(5x−7)=[cos⁡(5x−7)]3 이므로 “바깥" 함수는 g(x)=x3 이고, “안쪽" 함수는 h(x)=cos⁡(5x−1) 이다.=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅ddx{cos⁡(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)합성함수의 미분법이 다시 필요하다!=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅[−sin⁡(5x−7)⋅ddx{5x−7}]cos⁡6(5x−7)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅[−sin⁡(5x−7)⋅5]cos⁡6(5x−7)간단히 하여 마무리한다:=excos⁡2(5x−7)(cos⁡(5x−7)+15sin⁡(5x−7))cos⁡6(5x−7)=excos⁡(5x−7)+15sin⁡(5x−7)cos⁡4(5x−7)=ex(sec⁡3(5x−7)+15tan⁡(5x−7)sec⁡3(5x−7))=exsec⁡3(5x−7)(1+15tan⁡(5x−7))\begin{aligned} f'(x) &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{e^x\}-e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\cos^3(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\cos^3(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{이제 합성함수의 미분법을 쓴다. $\cos^3(5x-7)=[\cos(5x-7)]^3$ 이므로 ``바깥" 함수는 $g(x)=x^3$ 이고, ``안쪽" 함수는 $h(x)=\cos(5x-1)$ 이다.} \\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3 \cos^2 (5x-7) \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ \cos(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{합성함수의 미분법이 다시 필요하다!} \\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3{\cos}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot[{-\sin( 5x-7)\cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ 5x-7\}}]}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3{\cos}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot[{-\sin({5x-7})\cdot5}]}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{간단히 하여 마무리한다:} \\ &= \frac{e^x\cos^2(5x-7)\left(\cos(5x-7)+15\sin(5x-7)\right)}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &=e^x \frac{\cos(5x-7)+15\sin(5x-7)}{\cos^4(5x-7)}\\ &=e^x(\sec^3(5x-7)+15\tan(5x-7)\sec^3(5x-7))\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)(1+15\tan(5x-7)) \end{aligned}

  • 풀이 2: 몫의 미분법을 피하기 위해 먼저 간단히 한다:

f(x)=excos⁡3(5x−7)=exsec⁡3(5x−7)이제 곱의 미분법으로 미분한다:f′(x)=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+exddx{sec⁡3(5x−7)}여기서는 합성함수의 미분법이 필요하다. sec⁡3(5x−7)=[sec⁡(5x−7)]3 이므로 “바깥" 함수는 g(x)=x3 이고 “안쪽" 함수는 h(x)=sec⁡(5x−7) 이며, 따라서 g(h(x))=[sec⁡(5x−7)]3=sec⁡3(5x−7) 이다.=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅ddx{sec⁡(5x−7)}합성함수의 미분법이 다시 필요하다! ddx{sec⁡x}=sec⁡xtan⁡x 임을 떠올리자.=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅sec⁡(5x−7)tan⁡(5x−7)⋅ddx{5x−7}=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅sec⁡(5x−7)tan⁡(5x−7)⋅5간단히 하여 마무리한다:=exsec⁡3(5x−7)(1+15tan⁡(5x−7))\begin{aligned} f(x)&=\dfrac{e^{x}}{\cos^3 (5x-7)}\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7) \\ \text{이제 곱의 미분법으로 미분한다:} \\ f'(x)&=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\sec^3(5x-7)\} \\ \text{여기서는 합성함수의 미분법이 필요하다. $\sec^3(5x-7)=[\sec (5x-7)]^3$ 이므로 ``바깥" 함수는 $g(x)=x^3$ 이고 ``안쪽" 함수는 $h(x)=\sec(5x-7)$ 이며, 따라서 $g(h(x))=[\sec(5x-7)]^3=\sec^3(5x-7)$ 이다.} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~ \sec^2 (5x-7) \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ \sec(5x-7)\} \\ \text{합성함수의 미분법이 다시 필요하다! $\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\sec x\}=\sec x \tan x$ 임을 떠올리자.} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~{\sec}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot {\sec( 5x-7)\tan( 5x-7)\cdot\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ 5x-7\}}\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~{\sec}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot {\sec({5x-7})\tan({5x-7})\cdot 5} \\ \text{간단히 하여 마무리한다:} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)(1+15\tan({5x-7})) \end{aligned}

원본 교재 풀이(영어)

We present two solutions: one where we dive right in and use the quotient rule, and another where we simplify first and use the product rule.

  • Solution 1: We begin with the quotient rule:

f′(x)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ddx{ex}−exddx{cos⁡3(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−exddx{cos⁡3(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)Now, we use the chain rule. Since cos⁡3(5x−7)=[cos⁡(5x−7)]3, our “outside" function is g(x)=x3, and our “inside" function is h(x)=cos⁡(5x−1).=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅ddx{cos⁡(5x−7)}cos⁡6(5x−7)We need the chain rule again!=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅[−sin⁡(5x−7)⋅ddx{5x−7}]cos⁡6(5x−7)=cos⁡3(5x−7)ex−ex⋅3cos⁡2(5x−7)⋅[−sin⁡(5x−7)⋅5]cos⁡6(5x−7)We finish by simplifying:=excos⁡2(5x−7)(cos⁡(5x−7)+15sin⁡(5x−7))cos⁡6(5x−7)=excos⁡(5x−7)+15sin⁡(5x−7)cos⁡4(5x−7)=ex(sec⁡3(5x−7)+15tan⁡(5x−7)sec⁡3(5x−7))=exsec⁡3(5x−7)(1+15tan⁡(5x−7))\begin{aligned} f'(x) &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{e^x\}-e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\cos^3(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\cos^3(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{Now, we use the chain rule. Since $\cos^3(5x-7)=[\cos(5x-7)]^3$, our ``outside" function is $g(x)=x^3$, and our ``inside" function is $h(x)=\cos(5x-1)$.} \\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3 \cos^2 (5x-7) \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ \cos(5x-7)\}}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{We need the chain rule again!} \\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3{\cos}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot[{-\sin( 5x-7)\cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ 5x-7\}}]}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &= \frac{\cos^3(5x-7)e^x-e^x\cdot3{\cos}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot[{-\sin({5x-7})\cdot5}]}{\cos^6(5x-7)} \\ \text{We finish by simplifying:} \\ &= \frac{e^x\cos^2(5x-7)\left(\cos(5x-7)+15\sin(5x-7)\right)}{\cos^6(5x-7)}\\ &=e^x \frac{\cos(5x-7)+15\sin(5x-7)}{\cos^4(5x-7)}\\ &=e^x(\sec^3(5x-7)+15\tan(5x-7)\sec^3(5x-7))\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)(1+15\tan(5x-7)) \end{aligned}

  • Solution 2: We simplify to avoid the quotient rule:

f(x)=excos⁡3(5x−7)=exsec⁡3(5x−7)Now we use the product rule to differentiate:f′(x)=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+exddx{sec⁡3(5x−7)}Here, we’ll need the chain rule. Since sec⁡3(5x−7)=[sec⁡(5x−7)]3, our “outside" function is g(x)=x3 and our “inside" function is h(x)=sec⁡(5x−7), so that g(h(x))=[sec⁡(5x−7)]3=sec⁡3(5x−7).=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅ddx{sec⁡(5x−7)}We need the chain rule again! Recall ddx{sec⁡x}=sec⁡xtan⁡x.=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅sec⁡(5x−7)tan⁡(5x−7)⋅ddx{5x−7}=exsec⁡3(5x−7)+ex⋅3 sec⁡2(5x−7)⋅sec⁡(5x−7)tan⁡(5x−7)⋅5We finish by simplifying:=exsec⁡3(5x−7)(1+15tan⁡(5x−7))\begin{aligned} f(x)&=\dfrac{e^{x}}{\cos^3 (5x-7)}\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7) \\ \text{Now we use the product rule to differentiate:} \\ f'(x)&=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\sec^3(5x-7)\} \\ \text{Here, we'll need the chain rule. Since $\sec^3(5x-7)=[\sec (5x-7)]^3$, our ``outside" function is $g(x)=x^3$ and our ``inside" function is $h(x)=\sec(5x-7)$, so that $g(h(x))=[\sec(5x-7)]^3=\sec^3(5x-7)$.} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~ \sec^2 (5x-7) \cdot \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ \sec(5x-7)\} \\ \text{We need the chain rule again! Recall $\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{\sec x\}=\sec x \tan x$.} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~{\sec}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot {\sec( 5x-7)\tan( 5x-7)\cdot\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{ 5x-7\}}\\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)+e^x\cdot3~{\sec}^2{(5x-7)} \cdot {\sec({5x-7})\tan({5x-7})\cdot 5} \\ \text{We finish by simplifying:} \\ &=e^x\sec^3(5x-7)(1+15\tan({5x-7})) \end{aligned}

한 번 더 — 비슷한 문제CLP-1 · 2.9절 · 32번우리말 번역

모든 x>0x>0 에 대해 ex+x2>1+xe^{x+x^2}>1+x 임을 보이세요.

다 풀었으면 정답 확인

f(x)=ex+x2f(x)=e^{x+x^2}, g(x)=1+xg(x)=1+x 라 하자. 그러면 f(0)=g(0)=1f(0)=g(0)=1 이다.

f′(x)=(1+2x)ex+x2f'(x)=(1+2x)e^{x+x^2} 이고 g′(x)=1g'(x)=1 이다. x>0x>0 일 때, f′(x)=(1+2x)ex+x2>1⋅ex+x2=ex+x2>e0+02=1=g′(x).f'(x)=(1+2x)e^{x+x^2}>1\cdot e^{x+x^2}=e^{x+x^2}>e^{0+0^2}=1=g'(x). f(0)=g(0)f(0)=g(0) 이고 모든 x>0x>0 에 대해 f′(x)>g′(x)f'(x)>g'(x) 이므로, ff 와 gg 는 같은 곳에서 출발하지만 ff 가 항상 더 빠르게 증가한다. 따라서 모든 x>0x>0 에 대해 f(x)>g(x)f(x)>g(x) 이다.

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