First, let's find the first and second derivatives of f when x=5.
f′(x)f′′(x)=1+x21=(1+x2)2−2xf′(5)f′′(5)=261=262−10
The linear approximation for Δy when Δx=101 isΔyThe quadratic approximation for Δy when Δx=101 isΔy≈f′(5)Δx=261⋅101=2601≈0.003846≈f′(5)Δx+21f′′(5)(Δx)2=261⋅101+21⋅262−10⋅1021=1352051≈0.003772
Remark: Δy=arctan(5.1)−arctan(5)≈0.003774.