문제 은행 · 미적분 · 미적분Ⅰ · 미분

다항함수의 미분법

먼저 혼자 풀어 보고, 풀이로 확인한 다음, 아래 「한 번 더」 문제로 이어서 연습하세요.

CLP-1 · 2.4절 · 17번우리말 번역

f(x)=g(x)h(x)f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{h(x)} 를 몫의 미분법으로 미분한 결과가, f(x)=g(x)k(x)⋅k(x)h(x)f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{k(x)}\cdot\dfrac{k(x)}{h(x)} 를 곱의 미분법과 몫의 미분법으로 미분한 결과와 같음을 보이세요.

영어 원문 보기

Verify that differentiating f(x)=g(x)h(x)f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{h(x)} using the quotient rule gives the same answer as differentiating f(x)=g(x)k(x)⋅k(x)h(x)f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{k(x)}\cdot\dfrac{k(x)}{h(x)} using the product rule and the quotient rule.

정답·풀이 보기

First expression, f(x)=g(x)h(x):f′(x)=h(x)g′(x)−g(x)h′(x)h2(x)Second expresson, f(x)=g(x)k(x)⋅k(x)h(x):f′(x)=(k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k′(x)k2(x))(k(x)h(x))+(g(x)k(x))(h(x)k′(x)−k(x)h′(x)h2(x))=k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k′(x)k(x)h(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−h(x)g(x)k′(x)k(x)h2(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−h(x)g(x)k′(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)g′(x)−g(x)h′(x)h2(x)and this is exactly what we got from differentiating the first expression.\begin{aligned} \\ \text{First expression, $f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{h(x)}$:} \\ f'(x)&=\frac{h(x)g'(x)-g(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)} \\ \text{Second expresson, $f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{k(x)}\cdot\dfrac{k(x)}{h(x)}$:} \\ f'(x)&=\left(\frac{k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k'(x)}{k^2(x)}\right)\left(\frac{k(x)}{h(x)}\right)+\left(\frac{g(x)}{k(x)}\right)\left(\frac{h(x)k'(x)-k(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)}\right)\\ &=\frac{k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k'(x)}{k(x)h(x)}+ \frac{g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-h(x)g(x)k'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}+ \frac{g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-h(x)g(x)k'(x)+g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)g'(x)-g(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)} \\ \text{and this is exactly what we got from differentiating the first expression.} \\ \end{aligned}

원본 교재 풀이(영어)

First expression, f(x)=g(x)h(x):f′(x)=h(x)g′(x)−g(x)h′(x)h2(x)Second expresson, f(x)=g(x)k(x)⋅k(x)h(x):f′(x)=(k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k′(x)k2(x))(k(x)h(x))+(g(x)k(x))(h(x)k′(x)−k(x)h′(x)h2(x))=k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k′(x)k(x)h(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−h(x)g(x)k′(x)k(x)h2(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−h(x)g(x)k′(x)+g(x)h(x)k′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)k(x)g′(x)−g(x)k(x)h′(x)k(x)h2(x)=h(x)g′(x)−g(x)h′(x)h2(x)and this is exactly what we got from differentiating the first expression.\begin{aligned} \\ \text{First expression, $f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{h(x)}$:} \\ f'(x)&=\frac{h(x)g'(x)-g(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)} \\ \text{Second expresson, $f(x)=\dfrac{g(x)}{k(x)}\cdot\dfrac{k(x)}{h(x)}$:} \\ f'(x)&=\left(\frac{k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k'(x)}{k^2(x)}\right)\left(\frac{k(x)}{h(x)}\right)+\left(\frac{g(x)}{k(x)}\right)\left(\frac{h(x)k'(x)-k(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)}\right)\\ &=\frac{k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k'(x)}{k(x)h(x)}+ \frac{g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-h(x)g(x)k'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}+ \frac{g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-h(x)g(x)k'(x)+g(x)h(x)k'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)k(x)g'(x)-g(x)k(x)h'(x)}{k(x)h^2(x)}\\ &=\frac{h(x)g'(x)-g(x)h'(x)}{h^2(x)} \\ \text{and this is exactly what we got from differentiating the first expression.} \\ \end{aligned}

한 번 더 — 비슷한 문제CLP-1 · 2.4절 · 4번우리말 번역

ff 를 미분가능한 함수라 하자. 적어도 세 가지 서로 다른 규칙을 사용하여 g(x)=3f(x)g(x)=3f(x) 를 미분하고, 모두 같은 답을 주는지 확인하세요.

다 풀었으면 정답 확인

창의적으로 생각하면 미분하는 방법을 많이 찾을 수 있다!

상수배: g′(x)=3f′(x)g'(x)=3f'(x).

곱의 미분법: g′(x)=ddx{3}f(x)+3f′(x)=0f(x)+3f′(x)=3f′(x)g'(x) = \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{3\}f(x)+3f'(x)=0f(x)+3f'(x)=3f'(x).

합의 미분법: g′(x)=ddx{f(x)+f(x)+f(x)}=f′(x)+f′(x)+f′(x)=3f′(x)g'(x)=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\{f(x)+f(x)+f(x)\}=f'(x)+f'(x)+f'(x)=3f'(x).

몫의 미분법: g′(x)=ddx{f(x)13}=13f′(x)−f(x)(0)19=13f′(x)19=9(13)f′(x)=3f′(x)g'(x)=\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}\left\{\frac{f(x)}{\frac{1}{3}}\right\}= \frac{\frac{1}{3}f'(x)-f(x)(0)}{\frac{1}{9}}=\frac{\frac{1}{3}f'(x)}{\frac{1}{9}}=9\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)f'(x)=3f'(x).

모든 규칙이 g′(x)=3f′(x)g'(x)=3f'(x) 를 준다.

이 문제로 이어서 풀기
# 다항함수의 미분법증명·논술도전자동 분류

「다항함수의 미분법」 문제 목록으로