풀이 1: 모든 t t t 에 대해 ( cos t + sin t ) 2 + ( sin t − cos t ) 2 = 2 (\cos t+\sin t )^2+(\sin t - \cos t)^2=2 ( cos t + sin t ) 2 + ( sin t − cos t ) 2 = 2 임에 주목한다. 따라서 이 곡선의 점 ( x , y ) (x,y) ( x , y ) 는 x 2 + y 2 = 2 x^2+y^2=2 x 2 + y 2 = 2 위에 있으며, 이는 반지름이 2 \sqrt{2} 2 인 원이다. 실제로
x ( t ) = cos t + sin t = 2 [ cos t cos π 4 + sin t sin π 4 ] = 2 cos ( t − π 4 ) y ( t ) = sin t − cos t = 2 [ sin t cos π 4 − cos t sin π 4 ] = 2 sin ( t − π 4 ) \begin{aligned}
x(t)&= \cos t+\sin t
=\sqrt{2}\big[\cos t \cos\tfrac{\pi}{4} +\sin t \sin\tfrac{\pi}{4}\big]
\\
&=\sqrt{2}\cos\big(t-\tfrac{\pi}{4}\big)
\\
y(t)&= \sin t-\cos t
=\sqrt{2}\big[\sin t \cos\tfrac{\pi}{4}-\cos t\sin \tfrac{\pi}{4}\big]
\\
&=\sqrt{2}\sin\big(t-\tfrac{\pi}{4}\big)
\end{aligned} x ( t ) y ( t ) = cos t + sin t = 2 [ cos t cos 4 π + sin t sin 4 π ] = 2 cos ( t − 4 π ) = sin t − cos t = 2 [ sin t cos 4 π − cos t sin 4 π ] = 2 sin ( t − 4 π )
따라서 r ( t ) \mathbf{r}(t) r ( t ) 는 반지름이 2 \sqrt{2} 2 인 원을 따라 돌므로, 곡률은 κ = 1 2 \kappa =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} κ = 2 1 이다.
풀이 2: 공식 κ = ∣ v ( t ) × a ( t ) ∣ ∣ ( d s d t ) 3 ∣ \kappa = \dfrac{|\mathbf{v}(t) \times \mathbf{a}(t)|}{\left| \left(\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^3\right|} κ = ( d t d s ) 3 ∣ v ( t ) × a ( t ) ∣ 을 사용한다. 이때 v ( t ) = r ′ ( t ) \mathbf{v}(t)=\mathbf{r}'(t) v ( t ) = r ′ ( t ) , a ( t ) = r ′ ′ ( t ) \mathbf{a}(t)=\mathbf{r}''(t) a ( t ) = r ′′ ( t ) , d s d t = ∣ r ′ ( t ) ∣ \frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}t}=\left| \mathbf{r}'(t)\right| d t d s = ∣ r ′ ( t ) ∣ 임을 기억한다.
v ( t ) = r ′ ( t ) = ( − sin t + cos t , cos t + sin t ) a ( t ) = r ′ ′ ( t ) = ( − cos t − sin t , − sin t + cos t ) v ( t ) × a ( t ) = [ ( − sin t + cos t ) 2 + ( cos t + sin t ) 2 ] k ^ = 2 k ^ d s d t = ∣ d v d t ∣ = ( − sin t + cos t ) 2 + ( cos t + sin t ) 2 = 2 κ = ∣ v ( t ) × a ( t ) ( d s d t ) 3 ∣ = ∣ 2 k ^ 2 3 ∣ = 1 2 \begin{aligned}
\mathbf{v}(t)&=\mathbf{r}'(t)=(-\sin t +\cos t, \cos t + \sin t)\\
\mathbf{a}(t)&=\mathbf{r}''(t)=(-\cos t -\sin t, -\sin t + \cos t)\\
\mathbf{v}(t) \times \mathbf{a}(t)&=\big[(-\sin t + \cos t)^2+(\cos t + \sin t)^2\big]\hat{\mathbf{k}}=2\hat{\mathbf{k}}\\
\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}t}&=\left|\frac{\mathrm{d}\mathbf{v}}{\mathrm{d}t} \right|=\sqrt{(-\sin t + \cos t)^2+(\cos t + \sin t )^2}=\sqrt2\\
\kappa &=\left|\frac{\mathbf{v}(t) \times \mathbf{a}(t)}{\left(\frac{\mathrm{d}s}{\mathrm{d}t}\right)^3}\right|=\left|\frac{2\hat{\mathbf{k}}}{\sqrt{2}^3}\right|=\frac{1}{\sqrt 2}
\end{aligned} v ( t ) a ( t ) v ( t ) × a ( t ) d t d s κ = r ′ ( t ) = ( − sin t + cos t , cos t + sin t ) = r ′′ ( t ) = ( − cos t − sin t , − sin t + cos t ) = [ ( − sin t + cos t ) 2 + ( cos t + sin t ) 2 ] k ^ = 2 k ^ = d t d v = ( − sin t + cos t ) 2 + ( cos t + sin t ) 2 = 2 = ( d t d s ) 3 v ( t ) × a ( t ) = 2 3 2 k ^ = 2 1