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(a) We defined $\Delta x = \frac{b-a}{n}$: that is, the length of one interval, when we chop $[a,b]$ into $n$ of them. If $b$ and $a$ are measured in metres, then $\Delta x$ is measured in metres as well. So, the units of $\Delta x$ are metres.

Put another way, since $a$ and $b$ both describe a quantity in metres, $b-a$ describes a quantity in metres as well. (When we add or subtract quantities of the same units, their sum or difference is given in the same units.) Since $n$ is a unitless quantity (simply a number: not “$n$ kg" or “$n$ m"), $\frac{b-a}{n}$ still describes a quantity in metres. (If I have 6 metres of cloth, and I cut it into 3 pieces, each piece has $\frac{6}{3}=2$ metres–not 2 kilograms, or 2 metres per second.) (b) Since $F(x)$ is measured in kilogram-metres per second squared (newtons), the units of $F(x_i)$ are kilogram-metres per second squared (newtons). (c) $W$ is calculated by adding up summands of the form $F(x_i)\Delta x$. The units of $F(x_i)\Delta x$ are the products of the units of $F(x_i)$ with the units of $\Delta x$. That is, the units of $F(x_i)\Delta x$ are $\left(\frac{\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}}{\text{sec}^2}\right)\left(\text{m}\right) = \frac{\text{kg}\cdot\text{m}^2}{\text{sec}^2} = J$. The sum of terms given in joules is itself given in joules, so the units of $W$ are joules.