We approximate the function f(x)=5x. We need to centre the approximation about some value x=a such that we know f(a) and f′(a), and a is not too far from 30.
f(x)f′(x)a needs to be a number whose fifth root we know. Since 532=2, and 32 is reasonably close to 30, a=32 is a great choice.f(32)f′(32)The linear approximation of f(x) about x=32 isf(x)When x=30:f(30)=5x=x51=51x−54=55x41=532=2=5⋅241=801≈2+801(x−32)≈2+801(30−32)=2−401=4079
We estimate 530≈4079.
Remark: 4079=1.975, while 530≈1.97435. This is a decent estimation.
The linear approximation for Δy when Δx=101 isΔyThe quadratic approximation for Δy when Δx=101 isΔy≈f′(5)Δx=261⋅101=2601≈0.003846≈f′(5)Δx+21f′′(5)(Δx)2=261⋅101+21⋅262−10⋅1021=1352051≈0.003772