Perhaps shorter ways exist, but the reasoning here is valid.
Problem: Evaluate ∫0π/4xtan(x2) dx.
Work: We begin with the substitution u=x2, du=2xdx:
If u=x2, then dxdu=2x, so indeed du=2xdx.
∫0π/4xtan(x2) dxEvery piece is changed from x to u: integrand, differential, limits.Now we use the substitution v=cosu, dv=−sinu du:Every piece is changed from u to v: integrand, differential, limits.=∫0π/421tan(x2)⋅2xdx=∫0π2/1621tanu du=21∫0π2/16cosusinudu=21∫cos0cos(π2/16)−v1dv=−21∫1cos(π2/16)v1dv=−21[log∣v∣]1cos(π2/16)=−21(log(cos(π2/16))−log(1))=−21log(cos(π2/16))algebratanu=cosusinucos(0)=1FTC Part 2log(1)=0