From the given information,
∣R(10)∣=∣f(10)−F(10)∣=∣−3−5∣=∣−8∣=8
So, (a) is false (since 8 is not less than or equal to 7), while (b), (c), and (d) are true.
Remark: R(x) is the error in our approximation. As mentioned in the text, we almost never know R exactly, but we can give a bound. We don't need the tightest bound–just a reasonable one that is easy to calculate. If we were dealing with real functions and approximations, we might not know that ∣R(10)∣=8, but if we knew it was at most 9, that would be a pretty decent approximation.
Often in this section, we will make simplifying assumptions to get a bound that is easy to calculate. But, don't go overboard! It is a true statement to say that our absolute error is at most 100, but this statement would probably not be very helpful as a bound.